Differentiating lower motor neuron syndromes | Journal of …
Lower motor neuron (LMN) syndromes typically present with muscle wasting and weakness and may arise from pathology affecting the distal motor nerve up to the level of the anterior horn cell. A variety of hereditary causes are recognised, including spinal muscular atrophy, distal hereditary motor neuropathy and LMN variants of familial motor neuron disease. Recent genetic advances have resulted ...
Homepage | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry …
2 days ago · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry is a Plan S compliant Transformative Journal. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry (JNNP)'s ambition is to publish the most ground-breaking and cutting-edge research from around the world. Encompassing the entire genre of neurological sciences, our focus is on the common disorders (stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease ...
What causes lacunar stroke? | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery ...
A quarter of all ischaemic strokes (a fifth of all strokes) are lacunar type.1 Lacunar infarcts are small infarcts (2–20 mm in diameter) in the deep cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, or pons, presumed to result from the occlusion of a single small perforating artery supplying the subcortical areas of the brain.2 Although a recognised stroke subtype for …
Lacunar stroke: mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Lacunar stroke is a marker of cerebral small vessel disease and accounts for up to 25% of ischaemic stroke. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of potential lacunar stroke mechanisms and discuss therapeutic implications based on the underlying mechanism. For this paper, we reviewed the literature from important studies (randomised trials, exploratory comparative studies and case ...
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: update on …
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated neuropathy typically characterised by symmetrical involvement, and proximal as well as distal muscle weakness (typical CIDP). However, there are several ‘atypical’ subtypes, such as multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (Lewis-Sumner syndrome) and ‘distal acquired demyelinating ...
NICE guideline on ME/CFS: robust advice based on a thorough …
In 2021, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence produced an evidence-based guideline on the diagnosis and management of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), a disabling long-term condition of unknown cause. The guideline provides clear support for people living with ME/CFS, their families and carers, and for clinicians. A recent opinion piece published in ...
Paraneoplastic syndromes: when to suspect, how to confirm, and …
Neurological manifestations of cancer are common, disabling, and often multifactorial (table 1). The concept that malignant disease can cause damage to the nervous system above and beyond that caused by direct or metastatic infiltration is familiar to all clinicians looking after cancer patients. These “remote effects” or paraneoplastic manifestations of cancer include metabolic and ...
Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and …
Background We aimed to create a multidisciplinary consensus clinical guideline for best practice in the diagnosis, investigation and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) due to cerebrospinal fluid leak based on current evidence and consensus from a multidisciplinary specialist interest group (SIG). Methods A 29-member …
Primary lateral sclerosis: consensus diagnostic criteria
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the adult motor system. Characterised by a slowly progressive upper motor neuron syndrome, the diagnosis is clinical, after exclusion of structural, neurodegenerative and metabolic mimics. Differentiation of PLS from upper motor neuron-predominant forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remains a significant challenge in the ...
EEG in neurological conditions other than epilepsy: when does it …
Although the electroencephalogram (EEG) is a reliable test to assess cerebral function, its value in diagnosis and evaluation of neurological conditions apart from epilepsy has been largely superceded in recent years by other investigations with greater specificity and sensitivity. Is EEG still worthwhile, and in which cases can it provide information that …