Hypertonic saline refers to any saline solution with a concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) higher than physiologic (0.9%). Commonly used preparations include 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 23% NaCl.

Trials evaluating the use of hypertonic saline solutions for resuscitation after traumatic injury have not shown an overall mortality benefit compared with isotonic fluid administration.

The researchers individually tested 21 different pacemakers in a tank containing 0.9% saline solution—a system that electrically simulates the environment of a pacemaker in a patient.