but they do affect the overall design. The first is the Vbe drop. For a normal silicon transistor, this should be about 0.6 or 0.7 volts, dependant on temperature. If the real circuit or an ...

That’s the reason for the vast versions of SPICE available now decades after the original was released, not all of which are as open or free as we might like. Qucs is a GPL circuit simulator.

In it, a series of additional design examples are presented. These examples, like all the other designs shown so far, are also at the circuit level (that is, self-contained in the main code). In Part ...

A team of researchers has made a stride in quantum circuit design, which can substantially reduce energy consumption in ...